build_tools/cmake/wasm32_wasi.cmake - 3p/openxla/iree - Git at Google

 # Copyright 2026 The IREE Authors
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
 # See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception

 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.26)

 # CMake invokes the toolchain file twice during the first build, but only once
 # during subsequent rebuilds. This was causing the various flags to be added
 # twice on the first build, and on a rebuild ninja would see only one set of the
 # flags and rebuild the world.
 # https://github.com/android-ndk/ndk/issues/323
 if(IREE_WASM32_WASI_TOOLCHAIN_INCLUDED)
   return()
 endif()
 set(IREE_WASM32_WASI_TOOLCHAIN_INCLUDED true)

 # WASI is a hosted environment — musl libc, libc++, full C/C++ stdlib.
 # For freestanding production builds, use wasm32.cmake instead.
 set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME WASI)
 set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR wasm32)

 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # wasi-sdk download (shared with wasm32.cmake)
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 # Parse version and SHA-256 from the shared Bazel/CMake config file.
 # This is the single source of truth — do not duplicate version constants here.
 set(_WASI_SDK_VERSION_FILE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/../wasm/wasi_sdk_version.bzl")
 file(READ "${_WASI_SDK_VERSION_FILE}" _WASI_SDK_BZL)

 string(REGEX MATCH "WASI_SDK_VERSION = \"([^\"]+)\"" _ "${_WASI_SDK_BZL}")
 set(_WASI_SDK_VERSION "${CMAKE_MATCH_1}")
 string(REGEX MATCH "WASI_SDK_TAG = \"([^\"]+)\"" _ "${_WASI_SDK_BZL}")
 set(_WASI_SDK_TAG "${CMAKE_MATCH_1}")

 # Detect host platform.
 if(CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "Linux")
   set(_WASI_SDK_OS "linux")
 elseif(CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "Darwin")
   set(_WASI_SDK_OS "macos")
 else()
   message(FATAL_ERROR "wasi-sdk: unsupported host OS: ${CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_NAME}")
 endif()

 cmake_host_system_information(RESULT _HOST_ARCH QUERY OS_PLATFORM)
 if(_HOST_ARCH MATCHES "x86_64|AMD64")
   set(_WASI_SDK_ARCH "x86_64")
 elseif(_HOST_ARCH MATCHES "aarch64|arm64")
   set(_WASI_SDK_ARCH "arm64")
 else()
   message(FATAL_ERROR "wasi-sdk: unsupported host architecture: ${_HOST_ARCH}")
 endif()

 # Extract the SHA-256 hash for this platform from the .bzl dict.
 set(_WASI_SDK_PLATFORM_KEY "${_WASI_SDK_ARCH}-${_WASI_SDK_OS}")
 string(REGEX MATCH "\"${_WASI_SDK_PLATFORM_KEY}\": \"([^\"]+)\"" _ "${_WASI_SDK_BZL}")
 set(_WASI_SDK_SHA256 "${CMAKE_MATCH_1}")
 if("${_WASI_SDK_SHA256}" STREQUAL "")
   message(FATAL_ERROR "wasi-sdk: no SHA-256 hash for platform ${_WASI_SDK_PLATFORM_KEY}")
 endif()

 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Compiler tools
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 # Users can provide IREE_WASI_SDK_ROOT to skip the download.
 # Otherwise we download wasi-sdk into the build directory.
 if(NOT "${IREE_WASI_SDK_ROOT}" STREQUAL "")
   set(_WASI_SDK_ROOT "${IREE_WASI_SDK_ROOT}")
 else()
   # Download wasi-sdk into the build tree (idempotent via stamp file).
   set(_WASI_SDK_BASENAME "wasi-sdk-${_WASI_SDK_VERSION}-${_WASI_SDK_ARCH}-${_WASI_SDK_OS}")
   set(_WASI_SDK_URL
     "https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/download/${_WASI_SDK_TAG}/${_WASI_SDK_BASENAME}.tar.gz")

   # Download location: inside the build directory so it persists across
   # reconfigures without leaving generated files in the source tree.
   get_filename_component(_WASI_SDK_DOWNLOAD_DIR "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/wasi-sdk" ABSOLUTE)
   set(_WASI_SDK_ROOT "${_WASI_SDK_DOWNLOAD_DIR}/${_WASI_SDK_BASENAME}")
   set(_WASI_SDK_ARCHIVE "${_WASI_SDK_DOWNLOAD_DIR}/${_WASI_SDK_BASENAME}.tar.gz")
   set(_WASI_SDK_STAMP "${_WASI_SDK_DOWNLOAD_DIR}/${_WASI_SDK_BASENAME}.stamp")
   set(_WASI_SDK_STAMP_CONTENT "${_WASI_SDK_URL} : ${_WASI_SDK_SHA256}")

   set(_NEEDS_DOWNLOAD ON)
   if(EXISTS "${_WASI_SDK_STAMP}" AND IS_DIRECTORY "${_WASI_SDK_ROOT}")
     file(READ "${_WASI_SDK_STAMP}" _STAMP_CONTENTS)
     if("${_STAMP_CONTENTS}" STREQUAL "${_WASI_SDK_STAMP_CONTENT}")
       set(_NEEDS_DOWNLOAD OFF)
     endif()
   endif()

   if(_NEEDS_DOWNLOAD)
     message(STATUS "Downloading wasi-sdk ${_WASI_SDK_VERSION} for ${_WASI_SDK_PLATFORM_KEY} from ${_WASI_SDK_URL}")
     file(MAKE_DIRECTORY "${_WASI_SDK_DOWNLOAD_DIR}")
     file(DOWNLOAD "${_WASI_SDK_URL}" "${_WASI_SDK_ARCHIVE}"
       EXPECTED_HASH SHA256=${_WASI_SDK_SHA256}
       SHOW_PROGRESS)
     message(STATUS "Extracting wasi-sdk to ${_WASI_SDK_ROOT}")
     file(ARCHIVE_EXTRACT INPUT "${_WASI_SDK_ARCHIVE}" DESTINATION "${_WASI_SDK_DOWNLOAD_DIR}")
     file(REMOVE "${_WASI_SDK_ARCHIVE}")
     file(WRITE "${_WASI_SDK_STAMP}" "${_WASI_SDK_STAMP_CONTENT}")
   else()
     message(STATUS "Using cached wasi-sdk at ${_WASI_SDK_ROOT}")
   endif()
 endif()

 set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER   "${_WASI_SDK_ROOT}/bin/clang")
 set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER "${_WASI_SDK_ROOT}/bin/clang++")
 set(CMAKE_AR           "${_WASI_SDK_ROOT}/bin/llvm-ar")
 set(CMAKE_RANLIB       "${_WASI_SDK_ROOT}/bin/llvm-ranlib")
 set(CMAKE_STRIP        "${_WASI_SDK_ROOT}/bin/llvm-strip")
 set(CMAKE_LINKER       "${_WASI_SDK_ROOT}/bin/wasm-ld")
 set(CMAKE_SYSROOT      "${_WASI_SDK_ROOT}/share/wasi-sysroot")

 # Tell CMake we know the compiler works (skip test compile for cross toolchain).
 set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER_WORKS ON)
 set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_WORKS ON)

 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Compiler and linker flags
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 # Detect the clang resource directory version for explicit -resource-dir.
 file(GLOB _CLANG_VERSION_DIRS "${_WASI_SDK_ROOT}/lib/clang/*")
 list(LENGTH _CLANG_VERSION_DIRS _CLANG_VERSION_COUNT)
 if(NOT _CLANG_VERSION_COUNT EQUAL 1)
   message(FATAL_ERROR "Expected exactly one clang version directory under lib/clang/, got: ${_CLANG_VERSION_DIRS}")
 endif()
 list(GET _CLANG_VERSION_DIRS 0 _CLANG_RESOURCE_DIR)

 set(IREE_WASM32_WASI_COMPILE_FLAGS "\
   --target=wasm32-wasi \
   --sysroot=${CMAKE_SYSROOT} \
   -resource-dir=${_CLANG_RESOURCE_DIR} \
   -fno-exceptions \
   -fno-rtti \
   -fvisibility=hidden \
   -fno-short-wchar \
   -mbulk-memory \
   -msign-ext \
   -mnontrapping-fptoint \
   -DIREE_PLATFORM_WEB=1 \
   -DIREE_SYNCHRONIZATION_DISABLE_UNSAFE=1 \
   -DIREE_THREADING_ENABLE=0 \
   -D_WASI_EMULATED_SIGNAL \
   -D_WASI_EMULATED_PROCESS_CLOCKS \
   -DCLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID=CLOCK_MONOTONIC \
   -DBENCHMARK_OS_NACL \
   -DGTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION=0 \
   -DGTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS=0")

 # C++ flags: explicit include paths for libc++ headers.
 # clang's auto-detection of C++ include paths can fail in non-standard
 # directory layouts (symlinks, relocated SDKs). Explicit -isystem
 # makes the build independent of clang's InstalledDir probing.
 set(IREE_WASM32_WASI_CXX_FLAGS "\
   -std=c++17 \
   -isystem ${CMAKE_SYSROOT}/include/wasm32-wasi/c++/v1 \
   -isystem ${CMAKE_SYSROOT}/include/c++/v1")

 set(IREE_WASM32_WASI_LINK_FLAGS "\
   --target=wasm32-wasi \
   --sysroot=${CMAKE_SYSROOT} \
   -resource-dir=${_CLANG_RESOURCE_DIR} \
   -fuse-ld=lld \
   -Wl,--undefined=__main_argc_argv \
   -lwasi-emulated-signal \
   -lwasi-emulated-process-clocks \
   -lc++ \
   -lc++abi")

 set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS             "${IREE_WASM32_WASI_COMPILE_FLAGS} ${CMAKE_C_FLAGS}")
 set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS           "${IREE_WASM32_WASI_COMPILE_FLAGS} ${IREE_WASM32_WASI_CXX_FLAGS} ${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}")
 set(CMAKE_ASM_FLAGS           "${IREE_WASM32_WASI_COMPILE_FLAGS} ${CMAKE_ASM_FLAGS}")
 set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS    "${IREE_WASM32_WASI_LINK_FLAGS}" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
 set(CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS "${IREE_WASM32_WASI_LINK_FLAGS}" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
 set(CMAKE_MODULE_LINKER_FLAGS "${IREE_WASM32_WASI_LINK_FLAGS}" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)

 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # IREE build configuration
 #-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 set(CMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING ON CACHE BOOL "")

 # Disable gtest features unavailable on WASI. gtest_disable_pthreads prevents
 # gtest from adding -lpthread. GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS is also set in CFLAGS
 # above, but gtest's CMakeLists.txt adds -fexceptions explicitly unless we
 # tell it not to via this cache variable.
 set(gtest_disable_pthreads ON CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)

 # Wasm test binaries are not directly executable on the host. Tests that need
 # to run under wasm use their own runner (e.g., iree_wasm_cc_test with the
 # bundled Node.js entry point). No CMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING_EMULATOR is set.
 find_program(NODE_EXECUTABLE node REQUIRED)

 # The compiler is not cross-compiled — it runs on the host.
 set(IREE_BUILD_COMPILER OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)

 set(IREE_BUILD_TESTS ON CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
 set(IREE_BUILD_SAMPLES OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
 set(IREE_BUILD_BINDINGS_TFLITE OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
 set(IREE_BUILD_BINDINGS_TFLITE_JAVA OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)

 # WASI preview1 is single-threaded. Disable synchronization and threading
 # so iree_copts.cmake injects the correct -D flags for all IREE targets.
 # The -D flags in IREE_WASM32_WASI_COMPILE_FLAGS above handle non-IREE
 # targets (gtest, benchmark) that don't use iree_copts.
 set(IREE_ENABLE_THREADING OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
 set(IREE_SYNCHRONIZATION_DISABLE_UNSAFE ON CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)

 # HAL configuration: local-sync only (local-task requires threading).
 set(IREE_HAL_DRIVER_DEFAULTS OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
 set(IREE_HAL_DRIVER_LOCAL_SYNC ON CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
 set(IREE_HAL_DRIVER_LOCAL_TASK OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)

 # Executable loaders are opt-in for wasm. Enabling VMVX here pulls the VM
 # bytecode schema-generation path into cross builds, which requires host tools.
 set(IREE_HAL_EXECUTABLE_LOADER_DEFAULTS OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
 set(IREE_HAL_EXECUTABLE_LOADER_VMVX_MODULE OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
 set(IREE_HAL_EXECUTABLE_PLUGIN_DEFAULTS OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
	# Copyright 2026 The IREE Authors
	#
	# Licensed under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
	# See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
	# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception

	cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.26)

	# CMake invokes the toolchain file twice during the first build, but only once
	# during subsequent rebuilds. This was causing the various flags to be added
	# twice on the first build, and on a rebuild ninja would see only one set of the
	# flags and rebuild the world.
	# https://github.com/android-ndk/ndk/issues/323
	if(IREE_WASM32_WASI_TOOLCHAIN_INCLUDED)
	return()
	endif()
	set(IREE_WASM32_WASI_TOOLCHAIN_INCLUDED true)

	# WASI is a hosted environment — musl libc, libc++, full C/C++ stdlib.
	# For freestanding production builds, use wasm32.cmake instead.
	set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME WASI)
	set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR wasm32)

	#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	# wasi-sdk download (shared with wasm32.cmake)
	#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	# Parse version and SHA-256 from the shared Bazel/CMake config file.
	# This is the single source of truth — do not duplicate version constants here.
	set(_WASI_SDK_VERSION_FILE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/../wasm/wasi_sdk_version.bzl")
	file(READ "${_WASI_SDK_VERSION_FILE}" _WASI_SDK_BZL)

	string(REGEX MATCH "WASI_SDK_VERSION = \"([^\"]+)\"" _ "${_WASI_SDK_BZL}")
	set(_WASI_SDK_VERSION "${CMAKE_MATCH_1}")
	string(REGEX MATCH "WASI_SDK_TAG = \"([^\"]+)\"" _ "${_WASI_SDK_BZL}")
	set(_WASI_SDK_TAG "${CMAKE_MATCH_1}")

	# Detect host platform.
	if(CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "Linux")
	set(_WASI_SDK_OS "linux")
	elseif(CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "Darwin")
	set(_WASI_SDK_OS "macos")
	else()
	message(FATAL_ERROR "wasi-sdk: unsupported host OS: ${CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_NAME}")
	endif()

	cmake_host_system_information(RESULT _HOST_ARCH QUERY OS_PLATFORM)
	if(_HOST_ARCH MATCHES "x86_64\|AMD64")
	set(_WASI_SDK_ARCH "x86_64")
	elseif(_HOST_ARCH MATCHES "aarch64\|arm64")
	set(_WASI_SDK_ARCH "arm64")
	else()
	message(FATAL_ERROR "wasi-sdk: unsupported host architecture: ${_HOST_ARCH}")
	endif()

	# Extract the SHA-256 hash for this platform from the .bzl dict.
	set(_WASI_SDK_PLATFORM_KEY "${_WASI_SDK_ARCH}-${_WASI_SDK_OS}")
	string(REGEX MATCH "\"${_WASI_SDK_PLATFORM_KEY}\": \"([^\"]+)\"" _ "${_WASI_SDK_BZL}")
	set(_WASI_SDK_SHA256 "${CMAKE_MATCH_1}")
	if("${_WASI_SDK_SHA256}" STREQUAL "")
	message(FATAL_ERROR "wasi-sdk: no SHA-256 hash for platform ${_WASI_SDK_PLATFORM_KEY}")
	endif()

	#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	# Compiler tools
	#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	# Users can provide IREE_WASI_SDK_ROOT to skip the download.
	# Otherwise we download wasi-sdk into the build directory.
	if(NOT "${IREE_WASI_SDK_ROOT}" STREQUAL "")
	set(_WASI_SDK_ROOT "${IREE_WASI_SDK_ROOT}")
	else()
	# Download wasi-sdk into the build tree (idempotent via stamp file).
	set(_WASI_SDK_BASENAME "wasi-sdk-${_WASI_SDK_VERSION}-${_WASI_SDK_ARCH}-${_WASI_SDK_OS}")
	set(_WASI_SDK_URL
	"https://github.com/WebAssembly/wasi-sdk/releases/download/${_WASI_SDK_TAG}/${_WASI_SDK_BASENAME}.tar.gz")

	# Download location: inside the build directory so it persists across
	# reconfigures without leaving generated files in the source tree.
	get_filename_component(_WASI_SDK_DOWNLOAD_DIR "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/wasi-sdk" ABSOLUTE)
	set(_WASI_SDK_ROOT "${_WASI_SDK_DOWNLOAD_DIR}/${_WASI_SDK_BASENAME}")
	set(_WASI_SDK_ARCHIVE "${_WASI_SDK_DOWNLOAD_DIR}/${_WASI_SDK_BASENAME}.tar.gz")
	set(_WASI_SDK_STAMP "${_WASI_SDK_DOWNLOAD_DIR}/${_WASI_SDK_BASENAME}.stamp")
	set(_WASI_SDK_STAMP_CONTENT "${_WASI_SDK_URL} : ${_WASI_SDK_SHA256}")

	set(_NEEDS_DOWNLOAD ON)
	if(EXISTS "${_WASI_SDK_STAMP}" AND IS_DIRECTORY "${_WASI_SDK_ROOT}")
	file(READ "${_WASI_SDK_STAMP}" _STAMP_CONTENTS)
	if("${_STAMP_CONTENTS}" STREQUAL "${_WASI_SDK_STAMP_CONTENT}")
	set(_NEEDS_DOWNLOAD OFF)
	endif()
	endif()

	if(_NEEDS_DOWNLOAD)
	message(STATUS "Downloading wasi-sdk ${_WASI_SDK_VERSION} for ${_WASI_SDK_PLATFORM_KEY} from ${_WASI_SDK_URL}")
	file(MAKE_DIRECTORY "${_WASI_SDK_DOWNLOAD_DIR}")
	file(DOWNLOAD "${_WASI_SDK_URL}" "${_WASI_SDK_ARCHIVE}"
	EXPECTED_HASH SHA256=${_WASI_SDK_SHA256}
	SHOW_PROGRESS)
	message(STATUS "Extracting wasi-sdk to ${_WASI_SDK_ROOT}")
	file(ARCHIVE_EXTRACT INPUT "${_WASI_SDK_ARCHIVE}" DESTINATION "${_WASI_SDK_DOWNLOAD_DIR}")
	file(REMOVE "${_WASI_SDK_ARCHIVE}")
	file(WRITE "${_WASI_SDK_STAMP}" "${_WASI_SDK_STAMP_CONTENT}")
	else()
	message(STATUS "Using cached wasi-sdk at ${_WASI_SDK_ROOT}")
	endif()
	endif()

	set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER "${_WASI_SDK_ROOT}/bin/clang")
	set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER "${_WASI_SDK_ROOT}/bin/clang++")
	set(CMAKE_AR "${_WASI_SDK_ROOT}/bin/llvm-ar")
	set(CMAKE_RANLIB "${_WASI_SDK_ROOT}/bin/llvm-ranlib")
	set(CMAKE_STRIP "${_WASI_SDK_ROOT}/bin/llvm-strip")
	set(CMAKE_LINKER "${_WASI_SDK_ROOT}/bin/wasm-ld")
	set(CMAKE_SYSROOT "${_WASI_SDK_ROOT}/share/wasi-sysroot")

	# Tell CMake we know the compiler works (skip test compile for cross toolchain).
	set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER_WORKS ON)
	set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_WORKS ON)

	#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	# Compiler and linker flags
	#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	# Detect the clang resource directory version for explicit -resource-dir.
	file(GLOB _CLANG_VERSION_DIRS "${_WASI_SDK_ROOT}/lib/clang/*")
	list(LENGTH _CLANG_VERSION_DIRS _CLANG_VERSION_COUNT)
	if(NOT _CLANG_VERSION_COUNT EQUAL 1)
	message(FATAL_ERROR "Expected exactly one clang version directory under lib/clang/, got: ${_CLANG_VERSION_DIRS}")
	endif()
	list(GET _CLANG_VERSION_DIRS 0 _CLANG_RESOURCE_DIR)

	set(IREE_WASM32_WASI_COMPILE_FLAGS "\
	--target=wasm32-wasi \
	--sysroot=${CMAKE_SYSROOT} \
	-resource-dir=${_CLANG_RESOURCE_DIR} \
	-fno-exceptions \
	-fno-rtti \
	-fvisibility=hidden \
	-fno-short-wchar \
	-mbulk-memory \
	-msign-ext \
	-mnontrapping-fptoint \
	-DIREE_PLATFORM_WEB=1 \
	-DIREE_SYNCHRONIZATION_DISABLE_UNSAFE=1 \
	-DIREE_THREADING_ENABLE=0 \
	-D_WASI_EMULATED_SIGNAL \
	-D_WASI_EMULATED_PROCESS_CLOCKS \
	-DCLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID=CLOCK_MONOTONIC \
	-DBENCHMARK_OS_NACL \
	-DGTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION=0 \
	-DGTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS=0")

	# C++ flags: explicit include paths for libc++ headers.
	# clang's auto-detection of C++ include paths can fail in non-standard
	# directory layouts (symlinks, relocated SDKs). Explicit -isystem
	# makes the build independent of clang's InstalledDir probing.
	set(IREE_WASM32_WASI_CXX_FLAGS "\
	-std=c++17 \
	-isystem ${CMAKE_SYSROOT}/include/wasm32-wasi/c++/v1 \
	-isystem ${CMAKE_SYSROOT}/include/c++/v1")

	set(IREE_WASM32_WASI_LINK_FLAGS "\
	--target=wasm32-wasi \
	--sysroot=${CMAKE_SYSROOT} \
	-resource-dir=${_CLANG_RESOURCE_DIR} \
	-fuse-ld=lld \
	-Wl,--undefined=__main_argc_argv \
	-lwasi-emulated-signal \
	-lwasi-emulated-process-clocks \
	-lc++ \
	-lc++abi")

	set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${IREE_WASM32_WASI_COMPILE_FLAGS} ${CMAKE_C_FLAGS}")
	set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${IREE_WASM32_WASI_COMPILE_FLAGS} ${IREE_WASM32_WASI_CXX_FLAGS} ${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}")
	set(CMAKE_ASM_FLAGS "${IREE_WASM32_WASI_COMPILE_FLAGS} ${CMAKE_ASM_FLAGS}")
	set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${IREE_WASM32_WASI_LINK_FLAGS}" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
	set(CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS "${IREE_WASM32_WASI_LINK_FLAGS}" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
	set(CMAKE_MODULE_LINKER_FLAGS "${IREE_WASM32_WASI_LINK_FLAGS}" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)

	#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
	# IREE build configuration
	#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	set(CMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING ON CACHE BOOL "")

	# Disable gtest features unavailable on WASI. gtest_disable_pthreads prevents
	# gtest from adding -lpthread. GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS is also set in CFLAGS
	# above, but gtest's CMakeLists.txt adds -fexceptions explicitly unless we
	# tell it not to via this cache variable.
	set(gtest_disable_pthreads ON CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)

	# Wasm test binaries are not directly executable on the host. Tests that need
	# to run under wasm use their own runner (e.g., iree_wasm_cc_test with the
	# bundled Node.js entry point). No CMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING_EMULATOR is set.
	find_program(NODE_EXECUTABLE node REQUIRED)

	# The compiler is not cross-compiled — it runs on the host.
	set(IREE_BUILD_COMPILER OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)

	set(IREE_BUILD_TESTS ON CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
	set(IREE_BUILD_SAMPLES OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
	set(IREE_BUILD_BINDINGS_TFLITE OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
	set(IREE_BUILD_BINDINGS_TFLITE_JAVA OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)

	# WASI preview1 is single-threaded. Disable synchronization and threading
	# so iree_copts.cmake injects the correct -D flags for all IREE targets.
	# The -D flags in IREE_WASM32_WASI_COMPILE_FLAGS above handle non-IREE
	# targets (gtest, benchmark) that don't use iree_copts.
	set(IREE_ENABLE_THREADING OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
	set(IREE_SYNCHRONIZATION_DISABLE_UNSAFE ON CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)

	# HAL configuration: local-sync only (local-task requires threading).
	set(IREE_HAL_DRIVER_DEFAULTS OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
	set(IREE_HAL_DRIVER_LOCAL_SYNC ON CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
	set(IREE_HAL_DRIVER_LOCAL_TASK OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)

	# Executable loaders are opt-in for wasm. Enabling VMVX here pulls the VM
	# bytecode schema-generation path into cross builds, which requires host tools.
	set(IREE_HAL_EXECUTABLE_LOADER_DEFAULTS OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
	set(IREE_HAL_EXECUTABLE_LOADER_VMVX_MODULE OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
	set(IREE_HAL_EXECUTABLE_PLUGIN_DEFAULTS OFF CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)