[Codegen] Add VerifyPipelineConstraints pass for compilation info (#23878)

The pass evaluates pipeline constraints against the actual lowering
config to verify that the tuner constraints are consistent with configs
the compiler produces. In the future, full tuner constraints can also
validate the configs picked by the configuration selection heuristics.

Gated behind `--iree-codegen-experimental-verify-pipeline-constraints`
(off by default, implies `--iree-codegen-add-tuner-attributes`). Phase
ordering: `SelectLoweringStrategy` -> `InsertSMTConstraints` ->
`Verify`, since we need the root ops to be decided already. Constraint
ops are erased regardless of outcome since they only serve verification
and tuning.

Implemented with a simple evaluator; I considered using folders or
dataflow instead, but I like the simplicity of the evaluator.

This is not fully generic yet and only works for llvmgpu constraints. In
the future, we'd need extra interfaces to make it fully generic without
assuming the exact dialects used for compilation info attrs.

Issue: https://github.com/iree-org/iree/issues/23535

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Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>