[Util] Implement InferIntDivisibilityOpInterface for affine ops (#22723)

This PR implements the InferIntDivisibilityOpInterface for affine.apply,
affine.min, and affine.max operations. Affine apply gets the
divisibility of its result expression, and affine.min/max gets the GCD
of all result expression divisibilities. The implementation supports the
following divisibilities and any compositions of them:
- Multiplication: product of operand divisibilities
- Addition/Subtraction: GCD (union) of operand divisibilities
- Division (floor/ceil): quotient when evenly divisible, else 1
- Modulo: falls back to minimum divisibility (1,1)

This PR also adds the TestIntegerDivisibilityAnalysis pass to more
directly test divisibility analysis without relying on IR optimizations.
The pass probes values consumed by
`"iree_unregistered.test_int_divisibility"` ops and annotates them with
computed divisibility attributes.

There is a small change to the arith.divui divisibility implementation
to fallback to minimum divisibility when there is a remainder division,
because we can't infer the divisibility when there is a remainder.

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Signed-off-by: Max Dawkins <max.dawkins@gmail.com>