# Copyright lowRISC contributors.
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0, see LICENSE for details.
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

# Definitions for the big number group of instructions. See insns.yml
# for the detailed format.

- mnemonic: bn.add
  synopsis: Add
  operands: &bn-add-operands
    - name: wrd
      doc: Name of the destination WDR
    - name: wrs1
      doc: Name of the first source WDR
    - name: wrs2
      doc: Name of the second source WDR
    - &bn-shift-type-operand
      name: shift_type
      type: enum(<<, >>)
      doc: |
        The direction of an optional shift applied to `<wrs2>`.
    - &bn-shift-bytes-operand
      name: shift_bytes
      type: uimm5
      doc: |
        Number of bytes by which to shift `<wrs2>`. Defaults to 0.
    - &bn-flag-group-operand
      name: flag_group
      type: uimm1
      doc: Flag group to use. Defaults to 0.
  syntax: &bn-add-syntax |
    <wrd>, <wrs1>, <wrs2>[<shift_type> <shift_bytes>B][, FG<flag_group>]
  doc: |
    Adds two WDR values, writes the result to the destination WDR and updates
    flags. The content of the second source WDR can be shifted by an unsigned
    immediate before it is consumed by the operation.
  decode: |
    d = UInt(wrd)
    a = UInt(wrs1)
    b = UInt(wrs2)

    fg = DecodeFlagGroup(flag_group)
    sb = UInt(shift_bytes)
    st = DecodeShiftType(shift_type)
  operation: |
    b_shifted = ShiftReg(b, st, sb)
    (result, flags_out) = AddWithCarry(a, b_shifted, "0")

    WDR[d] = result
    FLAGS[flag_group] = flags_out
  encoding:
    scheme: bnaf
    mapping:
      fg: flag_group
      shift_type: shift_type
      shift_bytes: shift_bytes
      wrs2: wrs2
      wrs1: wrs1
      funct3: b000
      wrd: wrd

- mnemonic: bn.addc
  synopsis: Add with Carry
  operands: *bn-add-operands
  syntax: *bn-add-syntax
  doc: |
    Adds two WDR values and the Carry flag value, writes the result to the
    destination WDR, and updates the flags. The content of the second source
    WDR can be shifted by an unsigned immediate before it is consumed by the
    operation.
  decode: |
    d = UInt(wrd)
    a = UInt(wrs1)
    b = UInt(wrs2)

    fg = DecodeFlagGroup(flag_group)
    sb = UInt(shift_bytes)
    st = DecodeShiftType(shift_type)
  operation: |
    b_shifted = ShiftReg(b, st, sb)
    (result, flags_out) = AddWithCarry(a, b_shifted, FLAGS[flag_group].C)

    WDR[d] = result
    FLAGS[flag_group] = flags_out
  encoding:
    scheme: bnaf
    mapping:
      fg: flag_group
      shift_type: shift_type
      shift_bytes: shift_bytes
      wrs2: wrs2
      wrs1: wrs1
      funct3: b010
      wrd: wrd

- mnemonic: bn.addi
  synopsis: Add Immediate
  operands:
    - name: wrd
      doc: Name of the destination WDR
    - name: wrs
      doc: Name of the source WDR
    - name: imm
      type: uimm
      doc: Immediate value
    - *bn-flag-group-operand
  syntax: |
    <wrd>, <wrs>, <imm>[, FG<flag_group>]
  doc: |
    Adds a zero-extended unsigned immediate to the value of a WDR, writes the
    result to the destination WDR, and updates the flags.
  decode: |
    d = UInt(wrd)
    a = UInt(wrs1)

    fg = DecodeFlagGroup(flag_group)
    i = ZeroExtend(imm, WLEN)
  operation: |
    (result, flags_out) = AddWithCarry(a, i, "0")

    WDR[d] = result
    FLAGS[flag_group] = flags_out
  encoding:
    scheme: bnai
    mapping:
      fg: flag_group
      sub: b0
      imm: imm
      wrs: wrs
      funct3: b100
      wrd: wrd

- mnemonic: bn.addm
  synopsis: Pseudo-Modulo Add
  operands: [wrd, wrs1, wrs2]
  doc: |
    Adds two WDR values, subtracts the value of the MOD WSR once if
    the result is equal or larger than MOD, and writes the result to
    the destination WDR. This operation is a modulo addition if the
    sum of the two input registers is smaller than twice the value
    of the MOD WSR. Flags are not used or saved.
  decode: |
    d = UInt(wrd)
    a = UInt(wrs1)
    b = UInt(wrs2)
  operation: |
    (result, ) = AddWithCarry(a, b, "0")

    if result >= MOD:
      result = result - MOD

    WDR[d] = result
  encoding:
    scheme: bnam
    mapping:
      sub: b0
      wrs2: wrs2
      wrs1: wrs1
      funct3: b101
      wrd: wrd

- mnemonic: bn.mulqacc
  synopsis: Quarter-word Multiply and Accumulate
  operands:
    - &mulqacc-zero-acc
      name: zero_acc
      type: option(.Z)
      doc: Zero the accumulator before accumulating the multiply result.
    - &mulqacc-wrs1
      name: wrs1
      doc: First source WDR
    - &mulqacc-wrs1-qwsel
      name: wrs1_qwsel
      type: uimm2
      doc: |
        Quarter-word select for `<wrs1>`.

        Valid values:
        - `0`: Select `wrs1[WLEN/4-1:0]` (least significant quarter-word)
        - `1`: Select `wrs1[WLEN/2:WLEN/4]`
        - `2`: Select `wrs1[WLEN/4*3-1:WLEN/2]`
        - `3`: Select `wrs1[WLEN-1:WLEN/4*3]` (most significant quarter-word)
    - &mulqacc-wrs2
      name: wrs2
      doc: Second source WDR
    - &mulqacc-wrs2-qwsel
      name: wrs2_qwsel
      type: uimm2
      doc: |
        Quarter-word select for `<wrs2>`.

        Valid values:
        - `0`: Select `wrs1[WLEN/4-1:0]` (least significant quarter-word)
        - `1`: Select `wrs1[WLEN/2:WLEN/4]`
        - `2`: Select `wrs1[WLEN/4*3-1:WLEN/2]`
        - `3`: Select `wrs1[WLEN-1:WLEN/4*3]` (most significant quarter-word)
    - &mulqacc-acc-shift-imm
      name: acc_shift_imm
      type: uimm2<<6
      doc: |
        The number of bits to shift the `WLEN/2`-bit multiply result before accumulating.
  syntax: |
    [<zero_acc>] <wrs1>.<wrs1_qwsel>, <wrs2>.<wrs2_qwsel>, <acc_shift_imm>
  glued-ops: true
  doc: |
    Multiplies two `WLEN/4` WDR values, shifts the product by `acc_shift_imm` bit, and adds the result to the accumulator.

    For versions of the instruction with writeback, see `BN.MULQACC.WO` and `BN.MULQACC.SO`.
  decode: |
    writeback_variant = None
    zero_accumulator = DecodeMulqaccZeroacc(zero_acc)

    d = None
    a = UInt(wrs1)
    b = UInt(wrs2)

    d_hwsel = None
    a_qwsel = DecodeQuarterWordSelect(wrs1_qwsel)
    b_qwsel = DecodeQuarterWordSelect(wrs2_qwsel)
  operation: &mulqacc-operation |
    a_qw = GetQuarterWord(a, a_qwsel)
    b_qw = GetQuarterWord(b, b_qwsel)

    mul_res = a_qw * b_qw

    if zero_accumulator:
      ACC = 0

    ACC = ACC + (mul_res << acc_shift_imm)

    if writeback_variant == 'shiftout':
      if d_hwsel == 'L':
        WDR[d][WLEN/2-1:0] = ACC[WLEN/2-1:0]
      elif d_hwsel == 'U':
        WDR[d][WLEN-1:WLEN/2] = ACC[WLEN/2-1:0]
      ACC = ACC >> (WLEN/2)

    elif writeback_variant == 'writeout':
      WDR[d] = ACC
  encoding:
    scheme: bnaq
    mapping:
      wb: b00
      dh: bx
      qs2: wrs2_qwsel
      qs1: wrs1_qwsel
      wrs2: wrs2
      wrs1: wrs1
      acc: acc_shift_imm
      z: zero_acc
      wrd: bxxxxx

- mnemonic: bn.mulqacc.wo
  synopsis: Quarter-word Multiply and Accumulate with half-word writeback
  operands:
    - *mulqacc-zero-acc
    - &mulqacc-wrd
      name: wrd
      doc: Destination WDR.
    - *mulqacc-wrs1
    - *mulqacc-wrs1-qwsel
    - *mulqacc-wrs2
    - *mulqacc-wrs2-qwsel
    - *mulqacc-acc-shift-imm
  syntax: |
    [<zero_acc>] <wrd>, <wrs1>.<wrs1_qwsel>, <wrs2>.<wrs2_qwsel>, <acc_shift_imm>
  glued-ops: true
  doc: |
    Multiplies two `WLEN/4` WDR values, shifts the product by `acc_shift_imm` bit, and adds the result to the accumulator.
    Writes the resulting accumulator to `wrd`.
  decode: |
    writeback_variant = 'writeout'
    zero_accumulator = DecodeMulqaccZeroacc(zero_acc)

    d = UInt(wrd)
    a = UInt(wrs1)
    b = UInt(wrs2)

    d_hwsel = None
    a_qwsel = DecodeQuarterWordSelect(wrs1_qwsel)
    b_qwsel = DecodeQuarterWordSelect(wrs2_qwsel)
  operation: *mulqacc-operation
  encoding:
    scheme: bnaq
    mapping:
      wb: b01
      dh: bx
      qs2: wrs2_qwsel
      qs1: wrs1_qwsel
      wrs2: wrs2
      wrs1: wrs1
      acc: acc_shift_imm
      z: zero_acc
      wrd: wrd

- mnemonic: bn.mulqacc.so
  synopsis: Quarter-word Multiply and Accumulate with half-word writeback
  operands:
    - *mulqacc-zero-acc
    - *mulqacc-wrd
    - name: wrd_hwsel
      type: enum(L,U)
      doc: |
        Half-word select for `<wrd>`.
        A value of `L` means the less significant half-word; `U` means the more significant half-word.
    - *mulqacc-wrs1
    - *mulqacc-wrs1-qwsel
    - *mulqacc-wrs2
    - *mulqacc-wrs2-qwsel
    - *mulqacc-acc-shift-imm
  syntax: |
    [<zero_acc>] <wrd>.<wrd_hwsel>,
    <wrs1>.<wrs1_qwsel>, <wrs2>.<wrs2_qwsel>, <acc_shift_imm>
  glued-ops: true
  doc: |
    Multiplies two `WLEN/4` WDR values, shifts the product by `<acc_shift_imm>` and adds the result to the accumulator.
    Next, shifts the resulting accumulator right by half a word.
    The bits that are shifted out are written to a half-word of `<wrd>`, selected with `<wrd_hwsel>`.

  decode: |
    writeback_variant = 'shiftout'
    zero_accumulator = DecodeMulqaccZeroacc(zero_acc)

    d = UInt(wrd)
    a = UInt(wrs1)
    b = UInt(wrs2)

    d_hwsel = DecodeHalfWordSelect(wrd_hwsel)
    a_qwsel = DecodeQuarterWordSelect(wrs1_qwsel)
    b_qwsel = DecodeQuarterWordSelect(wrs2_qwsel)
  operation: *mulqacc-operation
  encoding:
    scheme: bnaq
    mapping:
      wb: b1x
      dh: wrd_hwsel
      qs2: wrs2_qwsel
      qs1: wrs1_qwsel
      wrs2: wrs2
      wrs1: wrs1
      acc: acc_shift_imm
      z: zero_acc
      wrd: wrd

- mnemonic: bn.sub
  synopsis: Subtraction
  operands: &bn-sub-operands
    - name: wrd
      doc: Name of the destination WDR
    - name: wrs1
      doc: Name of the first source WDR
    - name: wrs2
      doc: Name of the second source WDR
    - *bn-shift-type-operand
    - *bn-shift-bytes-operand
    - *bn-flag-group-operand
  syntax: *bn-add-syntax
  doc: |
    Subtracts the second WDR value from the first one, writes the result to the destination WDR and updates flags.
    The content of the second source WDR can be shifted by an unsigned immediate before it is consumed by the operation.
  decode: &bn-sub-decode |
    d = UInt(wrd)
    a = UInt(wrs1)
    b = UInt(wrs2)

    fg = DecodeFlagGroup(flag_group)
    sb = UInt(shift_bytes)
    st = DecodeShiftType(shift_type)
  operation: |
    b_shifted = ShiftReg(b, st, sb)
    (result, flags_out) = AddWithCarry(a, -b_shifted, "0")

    WDR[d] = result
    FLAGS[flag_group] = flags_out
  encoding:
    scheme: bnaf
    mapping:
      fg: flag_group
      shift_type: shift_type
      shift_bytes: shift_bytes
      wrs2: wrs2
      wrs1: wrs1
      funct3: b001
      wrd: wrd

- mnemonic: bn.subb
  synopsis: Subtract with borrow
  operands: *bn-sub-operands
  syntax: *bn-add-syntax
  doc: |
    Subtracts the second WDR value and the Carry from the first one, writes the result to the destination WDR, and updates the flags.
    The content of the second source WDR can be shifted by an unsigned immediate before it is consumed by the operation.
  decode: *bn-sub-decode
  operation: |
    b_shifted = ShiftReg(b, st, sb)
    (result, flags_out) = AddWithCarry(a, -b_shifted, ~FLAGS[flag_group].C)

    WDR[d] = result
    FLAGS[flag_group] = flags_out
  encoding:
    scheme: bnaf
    mapping:
      fg: flag_group
      shift_type: shift_type
      shift_bytes: shift_bytes
      wrs2: wrs2
      wrs1: wrs1
      funct3: b011
      wrd: wrd

- mnemonic: bn.subi
  synopsis: Subtract Immediate
  operands:
    - name: wrd
      doc: Name of the destination WDR
    - name: wrs
      doc: Name of the source WDR
    - name: imm
      type: uimm
      doc: Immediate value
    - *bn-flag-group-operand
  syntax: <wrd>, <wrs>, <imm>[, FG<flag_group>]
  doc: |
    Subtracts a zero-extended unsigned immediate from the value of a WDR,
    writes the result to the destination WDR, and updates the flags.
  decode: |
    d = UInt(wrd)
    a = UInt(wrs1)

    fg = DecodeFlagGroup(flag_group)
    i = ZeroExtend(imm, WLEN)
  operation: |
    (result, flags_out) = AddWithCarry(a, -i, "0")

    WDR[d] = result
    FLAGS[flag_group] = flags_out
  encoding:
    scheme: bnai
    mapping:
      fg: flag_group
      sub: b1
      imm: imm
      wrs: wrs
      funct3: b100
      wrd: wrd

- mnemonic: bn.subm
  synopsis: Pseudo-modulo subtraction
  operands: [wrd, wrs1, wrs2]
  doc: |
    Subtracts the second WDR value from the first WDR value, performs a modulo operation with the MOD WSR, and writes the result to the destination WDR.
    This operation is equivalent to a modulo subtraction as long as `wrs1 - wrs2 >= -MOD` holds.
    This constraint is not checked in hardware.
    Flags are not used or saved.
  decode: |
    d = UInt(wrd)
    a = UInt(wrs1)
    b = UInt(wrs2)
  operation: |
    (result, ) = AddWithCarry(a, -b, "0")

    if result < 0:
      result = MOD + result

    WDR[d] = result
  encoding:
    scheme: bnam
    mapping:
      sub: b1
      wrs2: wrs2
      wrs1: wrs1
      funct3: b101
      wrd: wrd

- mnemonic: bn.and
  synopsis: Bitwise AND
  operands: &bn-and-operands
    - name: wrd
      doc: Name of the destination WDR
    - name: wrs1
      doc: Name of the first source WDR
    - name: wrs2
      doc: Name of the second source WDR
    - *bn-shift-type-operand
    - *bn-shift-bytes-operand
  syntax: &bn-and-syntax |
    <wrd>, <wrs1>, <wrs2>[, <shift_type> <shift_bytes>B]
  doc: |
    Performs a bitwise and operation.
    Takes the values stored in registers referenced by `wrs1` and `wrs2` and stores the result in the register referenced by `wrd`.
    The content of the second source register can be shifted by an immediate before it is consumed by the operation.
  decode: &bn-and-decode |
    d = UInt(wrd)
    a = UInt(wrs1)
    b = UInt(wrs2)

    sb = UInt(shift_bytes)
    st = DecodeShiftType(shift_type)
  operation: |
    b_shifted = ShiftReg(b, st, sb)
    result = a & b_shifted

    WDR[d] = result
  encoding:
    scheme: bna
    mapping:
      funct31: b0
      shift_type: shift_type
      shift_bytes: shift_bytes
      wrs2: wrs2
      wrs1: wrs1
      funct3: b110
      wrd: wrd

- mnemonic: bn.or
  synopsis: Bitwise OR
  operands: *bn-and-operands
  syntax: *bn-and-syntax
  doc: |
    Performs a bitwise or operation.
    Takes the values stored in WDRs referenced by `wrs1` and `wrs2` and stores the result in the WDR referenced by `wrd`.
    The content of the second source WDR can be shifted by an immediate before it is consumed by the operation.
  decode: *bn-and-decode
  operation: |
    b_shifted = ShiftReg(b, st, sb)
    result = a | b_shifted

    WDR[d] = result
  encoding:
    scheme: bna
    mapping:
      funct31: b1
      shift_type: shift_type
      shift_bytes: shift_bytes
      wrs2: wrs2
      wrs1: wrs1
      funct3: b110
      wrd: wrd

- mnemonic: bn.not
  synopsis: Bitwise NOT
  operands:
    - name: wrd
      doc: Name of the destination WDR
    - name: wrs
      doc: Name of the source WDR
    - *bn-shift-type-operand
    - *bn-shift-bytes-operand
  syntax: |
    <wrd>, <wrs>[, <shift_type> <shift_bytes>B]
  doc: |
    Negates the value in `wrs` and stores the result in the register referenced by `wrd`.
    The source value can be shifted by an immediate before it is consumed by the operation.
  decode: |
    d = UInt(wrd)
    a = UInt(wrs1)

    sb = UInt(shift_bytes)
    st = DecodeShiftType(shift_type)
  operation: |
    a_shifted = ShiftReg(a, st, sb)
    result = ~a_shifted

    WDR[d] = result
  encoding:
    scheme: bna
    mapping:
      funct31: b0
      shift_type: shift_type
      shift_bytes: shift_bytes
      wrs2: wrs
      wrs1: bxxxxx
      funct3: b111
      wrd: wrd

- mnemonic: bn.xor
  synopsis: Bitwise XOR
  operands: *bn-and-operands
  syntax: *bn-and-syntax
  doc: |
    Performs a bitwise xor operation.
    Takes the values stored in WDRs referenced by `wrs1` and `wrs2` and stores the result in the WDR referenced by `wrd`.
    The content of the second source WDR can be shifted by an immediate before it is consumed by the operation.
  decode: *bn-and-decode
  operation: |
    b_shifted = ShiftReg(b, st, sb)
    result = a ^ b_shifted

    WDR[d] = result
  encoding:
    scheme: bnaf
    mapping:
      fg: b1
      shift_type: shift_type
      shift_bytes: shift_bytes
      wrs2: wrs2
      wrs1: wrs1
      funct3: b111
      wrd: wrd

- mnemonic: bn.rshi
  synopsis: Concatenate and right shift immediate
  operands:
    - name: wrd
      doc: Name of the destination WDR
    - name: wrs1
      doc: Name of the first source WDR
    - name: wrs2
      doc: Name of the second source WDR
    - name: imm
      type: uimm
      doc: |
        Number of bits to shift the second source register by. Valid range: 0..(WLEN-1).
  syntax: |
    <wrd>, <wrs1>, <wrs2> >> <imm>
  doc: |
    Concatenates the content of WDRs referenced by `wrs1` and `wrs2` (`wrs1` forms the upper part), shifts it right by an immediate value and truncates to WLEN bit.
    The result is stored in the WDR referenced by `wrd`.
  decode: |
    d = UInt(wrd)
    a = UInt(wrs1)
    b = UInt(wrs2)
    shift_bit = Uint(imm)
  operation: |
    WDR[d] = (((a << WLEN) | b) >> shift_bit)[WLEN-1:0]
  encoding:
    scheme: bnr
    mapping:
      imm: imm
      wrs2: wrs2
      wrs1: wrs1
      funct2: b11
      wrd: wrd

- mnemonic: bn.sel
  synopsis: Flag Select
  operands:
    - name: wrd
      doc: Name of the destination WDR
    - name: wrs1
      doc: Name of the first source WDR
    - name: wrs2
      doc: Name of the second source WDR
    - *bn-flag-group-operand
    - name: flag
      type: enum(C, M, L, Z)
      doc: |
        Flag to check. Valid values:
        - C: Carry flag
        - M: MSB flag
        - L: LSB flag
        - Z: Zero flag
  syntax: |
    <wrd>, <wrs1>, <wrs2>, [FG<flag_group>.]<flag>
  doc: |
    Returns in the destination WDR the value of the first source WDR if the flag in the chosen flag group is set, otherwise returns the value of the second source WDR.
  decode: |
    d = UInt(wrd)
    a = UInt(wrs1)
    b = UInt(wrs2)
    fg = DecodeFlagGroup(flag_group)
    flag = DecodeFlag(flag)
  operation: |
    flag_is_set = FLAGS[fg].get(flag)

    WDR[d] = wrs1 if flag_is_set else wrs2
  encoding:
    scheme: bns
    mapping:
      fg: flag_group
      flag: flag
      wrs2: wrs2
      wrs1: wrs1
      wrd: wrd

- mnemonic: bn.cmp
  synopsis: Compare
  operands: &bn-cmp-operands
    - name: wrs1
      doc: Name of the first source WDR
    - name: wrs2
      doc: Name of the second source WDR
    - *bn-shift-type-operand
    - *bn-shift-bytes-operand
    - *bn-flag-group-operand
  syntax: &bn-cmp-syntax |
    <wrs1>, <wrs2>[, <shift_type> <shift_bytes>B][, FG<flag_group>]
  doc: |
    Subtracts the second WDR value from the first one and updates flags.
    This instruction is identical to BN.SUB, except that no result register is written.
  decode: &bn-cmp-decode |
    a = UInt(wrs1)
    b = UInt(wrs2)

    fg = DecodeFlagGroup(flag_group)
    sb = UInt(shift_bytes)
    st = DecodeShiftType(shift_type)
  operation: |
    b_shifted = ShiftReg(b, st, sb)
    (, flags_out) = AddWithCarry(a, -b_shifted, "0")

    FLAGS[flag_group] = flags_out
  encoding:
    scheme: bnc
    mapping:
      fg: flag_group
      shift_type: shift_type
      shift_bytes: shift_bytes
      wrs2: wrs2
      wrs1: wrs1
      funct3: b001

- mnemonic: bn.cmpb
  synopsis: Compare with Borrow
  operands: *bn-cmp-operands
  syntax: *bn-cmp-syntax
  doc: |
    Subtracts the second WDR value from the first one and updates flags.
    This instruction is identical to BN.SUBB, except that no result register is written.
  decode: *bn-cmp-decode
  operation: |
    (, flags_out) = AddWithCarry(a, -b, ~FLAGS[flag_group].C)

    FLAGS[flag_group] = flags_out
  encoding:
    scheme: bnc
    mapping:
      fg: flag_group
      shift_type: shift_type
      shift_bytes: shift_bytes
      wrs2: wrs2
      wrs1: wrs1
      funct3: b011

- mnemonic: bn.lid
  synopsis: Load Word (indirect source, indirect destination)
  operands:
    - name: grd
      doc: Name of the GPR referencing the destination WDR
    - name: grs1
      doc: |
        Name of the GPR containing the memory byte address.
        The value contained in the referenced GPR must be WLEN-aligned.
    - name: offset
      doc: |
        Offset value.
        Must be WLEN-aligned.
      type: simm<<5
    - name: grs1_inc
      type: option(++)
      doc: |
        Increment the value in `<grs1>` by WLEN/8 (one word).
        Cannot be specified together with `grd_inc`.
    - name: grd_inc
      type: option(++)
      doc: |
        Increment the value in `<grd>` by one.
        Cannot be specified together with `grs1_inc`.
  syntax: |
    <grd>[<grd_inc>], <offset>(<grs1>[<grs1_inc>])
  doc: |
    Calculates a byte memory address by adding the offset to the value in the GPR `grs1`.
    The value from this memory address is then copied into the WDR pointed to by the value in GPR `grd`.

    After the operation, either the value in the GPR `grs1`, or the value in `grd` can be optionally incremented.

    - If `grs1_inc` is set, the value in `grs1` is incremented by the value WLEN/8 (one word).
    - If `grd_inc` is set, the value in `grd` is incremented by the value 1.

    The memory address must be aligned to WLEN bytes.
    Any address that is unaligned or is above the top of memory will result in an error (with error code `ErrCodeBadDataAddr`).
  decode: |
    rd = UInt(grd)
    rs1 = UInt(grs1)
    offset = UInt(offset)
  operation: |
    mem_addr = GPR[rs1] + offset
    wdr_dest = GPR[rd]

    assert not (grs1_inc and grd_inc)  # prevented in encoding
    if mem_addr % (WLEN / 8) or mem_addr + WLEN > DMEM_SIZE:
        raise BadDataAddr()

    mem_index = mem_addr // (WLEN / 8)

    WDR[wdr_dest] = LoadWlenWordFromMemory(mem_index)

    if grs1_inc:
        GPR[rs1] = GPR[rs1] + (WLEN / 8)
    if grd_inc:
        GPR[rd] = GPR[rd] + 1
  lsu:
    type: mem-load
    target: [offset, grs1]
    bytes: 32
  encoding:
    scheme: bnxid
    mapping:
      imm: offset
      spp: grs1_inc
      dpp: grd_inc
      rs: grs1
      funct3: b100
      rd: grd

- mnemonic: bn.sid
  synopsis: Store Word (indirect source, indirect destination)
  operands:
    - name: grs1
      doc: |
        Name of the GPR containing the memory byte address.
        The value contained in the referenced GPR must be WLEN-aligned.
    - name: grs2
      doc: Name of the GPR referencing the source WDR.
    - name: offset
      doc: |
        Offset value.
        Must be WLEN-aligned.
      type: simm<<5
    - name: grs1_inc
      type: option(++)
      doc: |
        Increment the value in `<grs1>` by WLEN/8 (one word).
        Cannot be specified together with `grs2_inc`.
    - name: grs2_inc
      type: option(++)
      doc: |
        Increment the value in `<grs2>` by one.
        Cannot be specified together with `grs1_inc`.
  syntax: |
    <grs2>[<grs2_inc>], <offset>(<grs1>[<grs1_inc>])
  doc: |
    Calculates a byte memory address by adding the offset to the value in the GPR `grs1`.
    The value from the WDR pointed to by `grs2` is then copied into the memory.

    After the operation, either the value in the GPR `grs1`, or the value in `grs2` can be optionally incremented.

    - If `grs1_inc` is set, the value in `grs1` is incremented by the value WLEN/8 (one word).
    - If `grs2_inc` is set, the value in `grs2` is incremented by the value 1.

    The memory address must be aligned to WLEN bytes.
    Any address that is unaligned or is above the top of memory will result in an error (with error code `ErrCodeBadDataAddr`).
  decode: |
    rs1 = UInt(grs1)
    rs2 = UInt(grs2)
    offset = UInt(offset)
  operation: |
    mem_addr = GPR[rs1] + offset
    wdr_src = GPR[rs2]

    assert not (grs1_inc and grd_inc)  # prevented in encoding
    if mem_addr % (WLEN / 8) or mem_addr + WLEN > DMEM_SIZE:
        raise BadDataAddr()

    mem_index = mem_addr // (WLEN / 8)

    StoreWlenWordToMemory(mem_index, WDR[wdr_src])

    if grs1_inc:
        GPR[rs1] = GPR[rs1] + (WLEN / 8)
    if grs2_inc:
        GPR[rs2] = GPR[rs2] + 1
  lsu:
    type: mem-store
    target: [offset, grs1]
    bytes: 32
  encoding:
    scheme: bnxid
    mapping:
      imm: offset
      spp: grs1_inc
      dpp: grs2_inc
      rs: grs1
      funct3: b101
      rd: grs2

- mnemonic: bn.mov
  synopsis: Copy content between WDRs (direct addressing)
  operands: [wrd, wrs]
  decode: |
    s = UInt(wrs)
    d = UInt(wrd)
  operation: WDR[d] = WDR[s]
  encoding:
    scheme: bnmov
    mapping:
      indirect: b0
      spp: bx
      dpp: bx
      src: wrs
      dst: wrd

- mnemonic: bn.movr
  synopsis: Copy content between WDRs (register-indirect addressing)
  operands:
    - name: grd
      doc: Name of the GPR containing the destination WDR.
    - name: grs
      doc: Name of the GPR referencing the source WDR.
    - name: grd_inc
      type: option(++)
      doc: |
        Increment the value in `<grd>` by one.
        Cannot be specified together with `grs_inc`.
    - name: grs_inc
      type: option(++)
      doc: |
        Increment the value in `<grs>` by one.
        Cannot be specified together with `grd_inc`.
  syntax: |
    <grd>[<grd_inc>], <grs>[<grs_inc>]
  doc: |
    Copies WDR contents between registers with indirect addressing.
    Optionally, either the source or the destination register address can be incremented by 1.
  decode: |
    s = UInt(grs)
    d = UInt(grd)
  operation: |
    WDR[GPR[d]] = WDR[GPR[s]]

    if grs_inc:
      GPR[s] = GPR[s] + 1
    if grd_inc:
      GPR[d] = GPR[d] + 1
  encoding:
    scheme: bnmov
    mapping:
      indirect: b1
      spp: grs_inc
      dpp: grd_inc
      src: grs
      dst: grd

- mnemonic: bn.wsrrs
  synopsis: Atomic Read and Set Bits in WSR
  operands: [wrd, wsr, wrs]
  encoding:
    scheme: wcsr
    mapping:
      write: b0
      wcsr: wsr
      wrs: wrs
      wrd: wrd
  lsu:
    type: wsr
    target: [wsr]

- mnemonic: bn.wsrrw
  synopsis: Atomic Read/Write WSR
  operands: [wrd, wsr, wrs]
  encoding:
    scheme: wcsr
    mapping:
      write: b1
      wcsr: wsr
      wrs: wrs
      wrd: wrd
  lsu:
    type: wsr
    target: [wsr]