pw_minimal_cpp_stdlib: Extremely limited C++ lib

pw_minimal_cpp_stdlib is an extremely limited, non-standard
implementation of the C++ Standard Library. It requires C++17 and a C
standard library.

Change-Id: I2d0b8d6cf49730e2c746eddf2c4a23308af1eb6a
diff --git a/pw_minimal_cpp_stdlib/public/internal/string_view.h b/pw_minimal_cpp_stdlib/public/internal/string_view.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65ee858
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pw_minimal_cpp_stdlib/public/internal/string_view.h
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The Pigweed Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
+// use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
+// the License at
+//
+//     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
+// WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
+// License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
+// the License.
+#pragma once
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <iterator>
+
+#define __cpp_lib_string_view 201606L
+
+namespace std {
+
+template <typename T>
+class basic_string_view {
+ public:
+  using traits_type = void;  // No traits object is used.
+  using value_type = T;
+  using pointer = T*;
+  using const_pointer = const T*;
+  using reference = T&;
+  using const_reference = const T&;
+  using const_iterator = const T*;
+  using iterator = const_iterator;
+  using const_reverse_iterator = ::std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>;
+  using reverse_iterator = const_reverse_iterator;
+  using size_type = size_t;
+  using difference_type = ptrdiff_t;
+
+  static constexpr size_type npos = size_type(-1);
+
+  constexpr basic_string_view() noexcept : string_(nullptr), size_(0) {}
+  constexpr basic_string_view(const basic_string_view&) noexcept = default;
+  constexpr basic_string_view(const T* string, size_type count)
+      : string_(string), size_(count) {}
+  constexpr basic_string_view(const T* string)
+      : string_(string), size_(CStringLength(string)) {}
+
+  constexpr basic_string_view& operator=(const basic_string_view&) noexcept =
+      default;
+
+  constexpr const_iterator begin() const noexcept { return string_; }
+  constexpr const_iterator cbegin() const noexcept { return begin(); }
+
+  constexpr const_iterator end() const noexcept { return string_ + size_; }
+  constexpr const_iterator cend() const noexcept { return end(); }
+
+  // NOT IMPLEMENTED: Reverse iterators not supported.
+  constexpr const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept;
+  constexpr const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const noexcept;
+
+  constexpr const_reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept;
+  constexpr const_reverse_iterator crend() const noexcept;
+
+  constexpr const_reference operator[](size_type pos) const {
+    return data()[pos];
+  }
+
+  // NOT IMPLEMENTED: at() has no bounds checking.
+  constexpr const_reference at(size_type pos) const { return data()[pos]; }
+
+  constexpr const_reference front() const { return data()[0]; }
+
+  constexpr const_reference back() const { return data()[size() - 1]; }
+
+  constexpr const_pointer data() const noexcept { return string_; }
+
+  constexpr size_type size() const noexcept { return size_; }
+  constexpr size_type length() const noexcept { return size(); }
+
+  constexpr size_type max_size() const noexcept { return ~size_t{0}; }
+
+  [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool empty() const noexcept { return size() == 0u; }
+
+  constexpr void remove_prefix(size_type characters) {
+    string_ += characters;
+    size_ -= characters;
+  }
+
+  constexpr void remove_suffix(size_type characters) { size_ -= characters; }
+
+  constexpr void swap(basic_string_view& other) noexcept {
+    pointer temp_string = string_;
+    string_ = other.string_;
+    other.string_ = temp_string;
+
+    size_type temp_size = size_;
+    size_ = other.size_;
+    other.size_ = temp_size;
+  }
+
+  // NOT IMPLEMENTED: copy does no bounds checking.
+  constexpr size_type copy(T* dest, size_type count, size_type pos = 0) const {
+    const size_type to_copy = min(count, size() - pos);
+    for (size_type i = pos; i < pos + to_copy; ++i) {
+      *dest++ = string_[i];
+    }
+    return to_copy;
+  }
+
+  constexpr basic_string_view substr(size_type pos = 0,
+                                     size_type count = npos) const {
+    return basic_string_view(string_ + pos, min(count, size() - pos));
+  }
+
+  // NOT IMPLEMENTED: These functions and their overloads are not defined.
+  constexpr int compare(basic_string_view view) const noexcept;
+  constexpr bool starts_with(basic_string_view view) const noexcept;
+  constexpr bool ends_with(basic_string_view view) const noexcept;
+  constexpr size_type find(basic_string_view view,
+                           size_type pos = 0) const noexcept;
+  constexpr size_type rfind(basic_string_view view,
+                            size_type pos = npos) const noexcept;
+  constexpr size_type find_first_of(basic_string_view view,
+                                    size_type pos = 0) const noexcept;
+  constexpr size_type find_last_of(basic_string_view view,
+                                   size_type pos = npos) const noexcept;
+  constexpr size_type find_first_not_of(basic_string_view view,
+                                        size_type pos = 0) const noexcept;
+  constexpr size_type find_last_not_of(basic_string_view view,
+                                       size_type pos = npos) const noexcept;
+
+ private:
+  static constexpr size_type CStringLength(const T* string) {
+    size_type length = 0;
+    while (string[length] != T()) {
+      length += 1;
+    }
+    return length;
+  }
+
+  const_pointer string_;
+  size_type size_;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+constexpr bool operator==(basic_string_view<T> lhs, basic_string_view<T> rhs) {
+  if (lhs.size() != rhs.size()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  for (typename basic_string_view<T>::size_type i = 0; i < lhs.size(); ++i) {
+    if (lhs[i] != rhs[i]) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+constexpr bool operator!=(basic_string_view<T> lhs, basic_string_view<T> rhs) {
+  return !(lhs == rhs);
+}
+
+// NOT IMPLEMENTED: Other comparison operators are not defined.
+
+using string_view = basic_string_view<char>;
+using wstring_view = basic_string_view<wchar_t>;
+using u16string_view = basic_string_view<char16_t>;
+using u32string_view = basic_string_view<char32_t>;
+
+// NOT IMPLEMENTED: string_view literals cannot be implemented since they do not
+//                  start with _.
+
+}  // namespace std